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People with Schizotypal Personality Disorder have a reduced capacity for closeness with others which is present from an early age. They often have distorted or eccentric thinking, perceptions, and behaviours that can make them appear odd.

For a diagnosis of Schizotypal personality disorder to be made, people will display at least five of the following:

  • Ideas of reference
  • Magical thinking or odd beliefs which are inconsistent with cultural norms
  • Unusual perceptions including bodily illusions
  • Odd speech and thinking
  • Suspiciousness or paranoia
  • Affect that is inappropriate or constricted
  • Few close friends or confidants, other than relatives
  • Social anxiety which does not improve with familiarity; paranoid fears rather than negative self-judgements

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Those with paranoid personality disorder possess an unjustified distrust and suspicions of others. They fear that others are exploiting or deceiving them. Innocent statements may be interpreted as a threat or attack on their character. People with Paranoid Personality Disorder display a need to be self-sufficient and can often bear grudges for long periods of time.

Paranoid personality disorder usually presents itself by early adulthood and affects approximately 1% of the general population. However, those with the disorder rarely present themselves for treatment due to their lack of trust in others.

In order for Paranoid Personality Disorder to be diagnosed, the client will display at least four of the following:

  • Unjustified suspicion that others are exploiting, deceiving or harming them
  • Preoccupation with unjustified doubts regarding the trustworthiness or loyalty of friends or associates
  • Reluctance to confide in others due to unwarranted fears that information will be used maliciously against them
  • Reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into innocent events or comments
  • Persistent bearing of grudges
  • Perceives personal attacks on their own character or reputation, which is not perceived by others; they are quick to counterattack or respond angrily
  • Unjustified suspicions, without justification, about the fidelity of spouse or sexual partner

People with Schizoid Personality Disorder are typically seen as “loners” – they are uncomfortable with close relationships and often do not marry or form long-lasting romantic relationships. They sometimes appear to others as being cold and unsociable, and often prefer solitary jobs. The disorder is common, affecting a few percent of the population; however, it is rarely diagnosed.

For schizoid personality disorder to be diagnosed, the client will display at least four of the following:

  • Does not enjoy or desire close relationships, including those within a family
  • Will choose solitary activities in the majority of cases
  • Little or no interest in sexual activities with another person
  • Enjoys very few, if any, activities
  • Very few close friends or confidants
  • Appears unaffected by praise or criticism
  • Emotionally cold, bland or detached

People with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder are preoccupied with perfectionism and orderliness. Unlike Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), people are not aware that their behaviour is problematic. Although the majority of patients with this personality disorder do not have any obsessions or compulsions, some may eventually go on to develop OCD.

Those with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder place emphasis on perfectionism above anything else and become anxious when things are not “just right”. This can affect not only their jobs, but also place strain on friends, partners and children. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder is a fairly common condition, which is more commonly diagnosed in men than women. It is believed that the condition runs in families.>Those with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder place emphasis on perfectionism above anything else and become anxious when things are not “just right”. This can affect not only their jobs, but also place strain on friends, partners and children. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder is a fairly common condition, which is more commonly diagnosed in men than women. It is believed that the condition runs in families.

For a client to be diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder, at least four of the following criteria need to be met:

  • Preoccupation with lists, organisation, schedules, rules or details
  • Perfectionism that interferes with completing tasks
  • Workaholic tendencies
  • Excessively conscientious, inflexible or scrupulous about morals, ethics or values
  • Inability to discard worn-out items which have neither real or sentimental value
  • Does not like to delegate tasks to others unless things are completed in his or her own way
  • Hoards money for future needs
  • Stubborn and rigid